Varieties - Varietal Programme
- The potato breeding programme in India was initiated in 1935 at the Potato breeding Station (PBS), Shimla under the then Imperial (now Indian) Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
- The programme was subsequently expanded with the establishment of the Central Potato research Institute (CPRI) in 1949.
- Initially the efforts were made to collect samples of potato cultures already under cultivation and to assess the varietal situation in the country.
- The studies showed that there existed confusion regarding nomenclature and description of potato varieties.
- Often the same variety was designated by different names in different regions.
- Different varieties with the same name were also common.
- During a period of nearly seven years from the establishment of the PBS, 494 samples of potato varieties were collected from all parts of the undivided India. These were studied for various morphologies.
Western Himalayan Zone
- Varietal requirement Short day adapted, early bulking, moderately resistant to late blight and frost, slow rate of degeneration.
North Central Plains
- Varietal requirement Short-day adapted, medium maturing, moderately resistant to late blight, slow rate of degeneration.
North Eastren Plains
- Varietal requirement Short-day, early bulking, moderately resistant to late blight, slow rate of degeneration, red skinned medium to small sized tubers (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh) or white medium tubers (Assam and West Bengal).
Plateau region (Karnataka)
- Varietal requirement Early bulking, ability to tuberose under high temperatures, resistant to bacterial wilt, tuber moth and mites, slow rate of degeneration.
South Indian hills (Karnataka)
- Varietal requirement Early bulking, resistant to late blight and cyst nematodes
Development of improved varieties
- The CPRI started releasing improved potato varieties from the year 1958 onwards.
- The first two varieties viz., Kufri Saved and Kufri Red were clonal selections from indigenous varieties Phulwa and Darjeeling red Round, respectively.
- The remaining 32 varieties developed till date are hybrids.
- These varieties are suitable for cultivation under diversified agro-climatic conditions of the country.
- Salient features of all of these varieties are given in Table.
Salient features of the varieties bred by the Central Potato Research Institute
Cultivar |
Yea of Release |
Tuber characters and reaction to biotic and abiotic stress
|
Region of adaptability |
Kufri Kisan |
1958 |
Large, round, white, deep eyes with prominent eye brows
|
North Indian Plains
|
Kufri Kuber |
1958 |
Medium, oval, tapering towards crown end, white, medium
deep eyes. Resistant to PLRV & immune to PVY |
North Indian plains and Plateau region
|
Kufri Kumar |
1958 |
Medium, oval, tapering towards heel end, white, fleet
eyes. Moderately resistant to late blight |
North Indian hills
|
Kufri Kundan |
1958 |
Medium, round-oval, flattened, white, medium deep eyes.
Moderately resistant to late blight |
North Indian hills
|
Kufri Red |
1958 |
Medium, round, red colour in cortex, medium deep eyes.
|
North eastern plains
|
Kufri Saved |
1958 |
Medium, round, white, deep and picked red-purple eyes. |
North Indian plains
|
Kufri Neela |
1963 |
Medium, round, white, medium deep eyes. Moderately resistant
to blight. |
South Indian hills
|
Kufri Sindhuri* |
1967 |
Medium, round, red, deep eyes. Moderately resistant to
early blight and tolerant to PLRV. Slow rate of degeneration.
Can tolerate temperature and water stress to some extent.
|
North Indian plains
|
Kufri Alankar |
1968 |
Large, oblong, white, fleet eyes, tubers turn purple on
exposure to light. Field immune to race "O" of late blight.
|
North Indian plains
|
Kufri Chamatkar |
1968 |
Large, oval, slightly flattened, white fleet eyes. |
North Indian plains & Plateau region
|
Kufri Jeevan |
1968 |
Medium, oval, white, fleet eyes. Moderately resistant
to early blight, field resistant to late blight and resistant
to wart. |
North Indian hills
|
Kufri Jyoti* |
1968 |
Large, oval, white, fleet eyes. Moderately resistant to
early and late blight, resistant to wart. Slow rate of degeneration
|
North and South Indian hills and North
Indian plains.
|
Kufri Khasigaro |
1968 |
Medium, round oval, white, deep eyes. Resistant to late
blight and moderately resistant to early blight. |
North eastern hills.
|
Kufri Naveen |
1968 |
Medium, oval, white, fleet eyes. Field resistant to late
blight and immune to wart. |
North eastern hills
|
Kufri Neelamani |
1968 |
Medium, oval, flattened, white, fleet eyes, tubers turn
purple on exposure to light. Moderately resistant to late
blight. |
South Indian hills
|
Kufri Sheetman |
1968 |
Medium, oval, white, fleet eyes. Resistant to frost |
North western plains
|
Varieties/Hybrids Prevailant in Karnataka
Kufri Badshah
(Kufri Jyoti x Kufri Alankar)
Year of release
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Plants tall, erect, medium compact and vigorous, stems few, thick, uniformly coloured, well developed straight wings.
Foliage
- Grey-green. Leaves open, rachis pigmented at base. Leaflets ovate, smooth surface with entire margin.
Flowers
- White, moderate flowering, anthers orange-yellow, poorly developed, high pollen stainability. Stigma round and notched.
Tubers
- White, large, oval, smooth skin, fleet eyes and dull white flesh. Tubers turn pale purple on exposure to light.
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
- Parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.
Maturity
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Moderately resistant to early and late blight. Resistant to PVX.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, floury texture, mild flavour, free from discoloration after cooking. Not suitable for processing.
Kufri Chandramukhi (Seedling 4485 x Kufri Kuber)
Year of release
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Plants medium tall, spreading, open and vigorous, Stems few, thick, coloured at base with well developed wavy wings.
Foliage
- Grey-green. Leaves open, rachis green. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, smooth surface with entire margin.
Flowers
- Light red-purple. Profuse flowering. Anthers lemon-yellow, poorly developed and pollen sterile. Stigma round and slightly notched.
Tubers
- White, large, oval, slightly flattened, smooth skin, fleet eyes and dull white flesh .
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
- Parts of Gujarat, Haryana, parts of Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Maturity
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Susceptible to major diseases.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, floury texture, mild flavour, free from discoloration after cooking. Suitable for dehydrated digh, vacuum puffing, instant flakes and chips.
Kufri Lauvkar (Adina x Sarkov)
Year of release
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Plants tall, erect, medium compact and vigorous, stems few, thick, uniformly coloured, well developed straight wings.
Foliage
- Dark grey-green, leaves closed, rachis pigmented. Leaflets ovate-lancelet, smooth dull surface with entire margin.
Flowers
- White, profuse flowering. Anthers lemon-yellow, well developed, pollen sterile. Stigma round and notched.
Tubers
- White, large, oval, smooth skin, fleet eyes eyes with prominent eye-brows, white flesh.
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
- Plateau regions of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. It can be grown both in kharif and rabi seasons. It can build up yields rapidly under warmer climate.
Maturity
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Susceptible to major diseases.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, floury texture, mild flavour, free from discoloration after cooking. Can be used for chip making.
Kufri Pukhraj (Craig's Defiance x JEX/B-687)
Year of release
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Plants tall, semi-erect, medium compact and vigorous. Stems few, medium thick, green with moderately developed straight wings.
Foliage
- Dark grey-green. Leaves closed with large sized folicles, rachis green. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate smooth glossy surface with entire margin.
Flowers
- White, moderate flowering. Anthers orange-yellow, well developed, high pollen stainability. Stigma round.
Tubers
- White, large, oval, slightly flattened, smooth skin, fleet eyes and yellow flesh.
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
- Parts of Gujarat, Haryana, parts of Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Mnaharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Maturity
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Resistant to early blight and moderately resistant to late blight.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, waxy texture, mild flavour, free from discoloration after cooking. Not suitable for processing.
Kufri Swarna (Kufri Jyoti x (VTn)² 62.33.3 )
Year of release
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Tall, erect, compact and vigorous, stems few, thick with prominent wings.
Foliage
- Dark Grey-green. Leaves closed, rachis green. Leaflets ovate to moderately pubescent, entire margin, many follicles.
Flowers
- White. Profuse flowering. Anthers orange-yellow, well developed low pollen stainability. Stigma round.
Tubers
- White, medium, round-oval, smooth skin, fleet eyes, white flesh.
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
Maturity
- Summer medium (130-135 days); autumn medium (100-110 days)
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Highly resistant to both the species of cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G.palida). Resistant to early and late blight.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, texture floury, free from discoloration after cooking. Not suitable for processing.
Kufri Jawahar (Kufri Neelamani x Kufri Jyoti)
Morphological characteristics
Plant
- Plants short, erect, compact and vigorous. stems few, thick, slightly pigmented at base with well developed straight wings.
Foliage
- Light green. Leaves open rachis green. lateral leaflets ovate-lanceolate, terminal leaflet cordate, smooth dull surface with entire margin.
Flowers
- White, profuse flowering. Anthers orange-yellow, well developed, low pollen stainability. Stigma round and slightly notched.
Tubers
- Creamy white, medium size, round-oval, smooth skin, eyes fleet, pale-yellow flesh.
Sprouts
Agricultural characteristics
Adaptability
- Haryana and Punjab, Plateau region of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. Suitable in intensive cropping systems.
Maturity
Yield potential
Dormancy
Diseases
- Moderately resistant to late blight.
Dry matter
Consumer and Processing quality
- Easy to cook, Waxy texture, mild flavor, free from discoloration after cooking. Not suitable for processing.
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