Cultural Methods Timely sowing of cotton gives vigorous crop growth quick canopy coverage - suppress weeds. Band or pocket application of N-fertilizer to cotton reduces the nutrient availability for weed growth. Sowing certified seed. Adopt furrow method of irrigation. Raising cotton in paired rows and utilising the interspace effectively by cultivating intercrops like onion, greengram, bhendi etc., is found useful not only to reduce the incidence of weeds but also to obtain additional income per unit area. Proper crop rotation is highly useful for control of perennial weeds Mulching not only reduces weeds but also evaporation from soil. Mechanical Control Deep ploughings, digging and removal of rhizomes or stolons or perennial weeds before sowing. Periodical harrowings reduces weeds and evaporation losses of moisture. Chemical Control Pre-planting Soil incorporation of Fluchloralin (Basalin) at 2.0 ltr/ha as pre-sowing application upto 5cm deep is very useful to control mostly annual grasses and some broad leaved weed. Pre sowing application of Nitraline, Trifluralin, and Dinitramine at 1.0 kg/ha each. Alachlor 5.0 kg/ha or Diuron 1.5 kg/ha is very effective. For controlling Cyanodon, TCA at 5kg/ha as preplanting treatment is best. Pre - emergence Pre emergence application of Fluomaturon 3.0 kg/ha or diuron 1.2 kg/ha is most effective. Trifluralin 0.75 kg/ha and Nitralin 3kg/ha can control most grasses and sorghum halopense. Nitrofen 1.5 kg/ha as pre-emergence followed by MSMA at 5 lt/ha post-emergence can give good weed control. Monuron at 1.5 kg/ha may be used on excessively heavy soil. Chloropropham at 6 kg/ha can safely be used in both heavy and light soils as pre-emergence. Post-emergence MSMA and DEMA at 2.0 kg/ha as post emergence application can control both annual and perennial weeds. However, TCA and Dalapon at 1% are well known herbicides to control perennial weeds like Cyanodon and sorghum Halopense (Johnson grass)

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