Varieties
Untitled Document
Areawise Recommended High Yielding varieties of Paddy
for U.P. and their discription.
Bundel Khand Zone
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt. per hac.)
Type of Paddy
Type of Rice
Rice (%)
Resistence to Diseases
Variety Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin long
Thin white
70
Not effected by light suitable for alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial
Blight & Blast
-
Ashwani
96-110
40-45
Small thick
Small medium
70
-
Irrigated and unirrigated
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast &
Stem Rot
Affected by temperature suitable for direct sowing
alkaline soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Moderate
tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Mahasuri
140-150
30-40
Medium
White Medium
70
-
Can grow in 30-40 Cm deep water
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Basmati-370
135
22-25
Long thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole by U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin long
Thin white
67
-
Scented Suceptable to blight & blast
Untitled Document
Bhawar and Tarai Zone
(Saharampur MuradaBad, Pilibheet, Barelley, Lakhimpur, Manital,
Udhamsingh,Nagar, Dehradoon plains, Jytibafully Nagar)
Variety
Duration Days
Yield (Qt. per hac.)
Type of Paddy
Type
of
Rice
Rice (%)
Resistance to Diseases
Variety
Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Not affected by light.
Suitable for alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight & Blast
Narender - 118
85-90
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
65-70
-
Suitable for
unirrigated upland cultivation
Narender 80
110-120
50-60
Thin long
Thin white
65-70
Blast
Irrigated
Ratna
120-125
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Manhar
119-122
48-50
Thin long
Thin white
70
Medium Resistent for Bacterial Blight
-
Pusa-169
130-135
60-65
Medium thin
Medium thin
60-65
-
-
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown spot
Medium resistant
to plant hopper
Panth-10
125-130
55-60
Thin long
Thin white
70
Blast moderately for Blight
Suitable for
Transplanting
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem Rot
Affected by
temperature , suitable for direct
sowing alkaline soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
Medium
70
Bacterial Blight
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long thin
White thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Narender-359
130-135
60-65
Long thick
Medium White
72
Bacterial Blight moderate tolerant
Panicle comes in
all the tillers
Cross-116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow water area
Type-9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
Scented, Stem borer Resistant
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yellowish tip
Thin White
70
-
Suitable for 30
to 45cm.water depth
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Haryana Basmati-1
140
45-50
Long thin
Thin white
65
Green hopper tolerent
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin long
Thin white
67
-
Scented,Susceptible
to blight & blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
Narender Usardan-2
125-130
Long round
Medium White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate tolerent to Stemrot
& Strip leaf
Suitable for irrigated
Alkaline soil
CSR-10
115-120
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable
& good
for Alkaline
soil
Mahasuri
140-150
Medium
White medium
70
-
Can grow
in 30-40
cm. deep water
Untitled Document
Central Plains
(Lucknow Kanpur, Alahabad, Regions excluding pratapgarah)
Variety
Dura
tion (Days)
Yield (Qt. per hac.)
Type
of
Paddy
Type of Rice
Rice (%)
Resistence to Diseases
Variety Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Not affected by light suitable for alkaline soils
Ashwani
96-
110
40-45
Small thick
Small medium
70
-
Irrigated and unirrigated
Narender-80
110-120
50-60
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
Blast
Irrigated
Manhar
119-122
48-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Medium Resistent for Bacterial Blight
-
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown spot
Medium resistant to plant hopper
IR-50
105-110
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
-
Succeptable to Blast
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem Rot
Affected by temperature suitable for direct sowing
alkaline soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
Medium
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Sita
130-135
45-50
Med
ium
White medium
70
-
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long
thin
Long thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Narender-359
130-135
60-65
Long
thin
Medium white
72
Bacterial Blight Moderate tolerant
Panicle comes in all the tillers
Cross-116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow water area
Type-9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
Scented Stem borer Resistent
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin
long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Basmati-370
135
22-25
Long
thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole by U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin
long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
67
-
Scented Suceptable to blight & blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
Narender Usardan-2
125-130
Long round
Medium White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate tolerent to Stemrot
& Strip leaf
Suitable for irrigated Alkaline soil
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yello
wish tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for 30 to 45cm. Water depth
Untitled Document
Central Western Plains
(Bijnor, Muradabad, Rampur Barelly, Shajahapur, Badaiyoo,
Jyotibaphuly Nagar.)
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt. per hac.)
Type
of
Paddy
Type of Rice
Rice (%)
Resistance to Diseases
Variety Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Not effected by light suitable
for alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight & Blast
>
Ratna
120-125
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Narender-80
110-120
50-60
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
Blast
Irrigated
Manhar
119-122
48-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Medium Resistent for Bacterial
Blight
-
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown spot
Medium resistant to plant
hopper
Panth-10
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Blast moderetelly for Blight
Suitable for Transplanting
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem Rot
Affected by temperature, suitable
for direct sowing alkaline soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial
Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
Med
ium
70
Bacterial Blight
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long
thin
White thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Cross-116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow water area
Type-9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
Scented, Resistant to Stem
borer
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yello
wish tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for 30 to 45cm. Water
depth
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Basmati-370
135
22-25
Long thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin long
Thin white
67
-
Scented Succeptable to blight
& blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
Narender Usardan-2
125-130
Long round
Med
ium White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate
tolerent to Stemrot & Strip leaf
Suitable for irrigated Alkaline
soil
CSR-10
115-120
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable & good for Alkaline
soil
Mahasuri
140-150
Medium
White medium
70
-
Can grow in 30-40 cm. deep
water
Untitled Document
Eastern Plains
(Barabanki, Faijabad, Sultanpur, Pratapgarh,Jonpur, jamgarh,
Baliya, Gajipur, Varanasi, Chandauli,Mau, Ambedkar Nagar)
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt. per hac.)
Type
of
Paddy
Type
of
Rice
Rice (%)
Resistance to Diseases
Variety Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Not effected by light suitable for alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial
Blight &
Blast
Narender-118
85-90
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
Narender-80
110-120
50-60
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
Ratna
120-125
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial
Blight
-
Narender-97
85-90
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for unirrigated upland
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Bacterial
Blight
Brown spot
Medium resistent to plant hopper
IR-50
105-110
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
-
Succeptable to Blast
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem
Rot
Effected by temperature suitable for direct sowing
alkaline soil.
PanthDhan-4
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Moderate
tolerent
to Bacterial
Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
Med
ium
70
Bacterial
Blight
-
Sita
130-135
45-50
Med
ium
White med
ium
70
-
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long
thin
White thin
60
Diseases
Resistant
-
Narender 359
130-135
60-65
Long thick
Med
ium white
72
Bacterial
Blight
Moderate
tolerent
Panicle comes in all the tillers
Cross-116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial
Blight
Shallow water area
Type-9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
Scented Stem Borer Resistent
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yello
wish
tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for 30 to 45cm. Water depth
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin
long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Mahsuri
140-150
30-40
Med
ium
White med
ium
70
-
Can grow in 30-40 cm deep water
Basmati-370
135
22-25
Long
thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin
long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
67
-
Scented Suceptable to blight & blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
CSR-10
115-120
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable & good for Alkaline soil
Jal lahri
145
40-50
-
-
-
-
-
Swarn
165
65-70
Small thin
White
75
-
Dwarf
Chakiya-59
145-150
30-40
Small thin
Thick white
67
-
Suitable for Stagnant water dept upto 120cm.
Jalmagna
150-200
35-40
Small thick
Thick White
67
-
Suitable for deep water more than 120cm.
Madhukar
145-150
30-40
Small thick
Thick White
65
-
Suitable for flood effected areas.
Jalnidhi
170-200
35-40
Med
ium Healthy light
Med
ium
Red
dish
65-70
Resistent
Long plant grows with the water level like lotus
plant.
Jalpriya
150-160
30-35
Long healthy
Long white
75
Partially
Resistent
Suitable for stagnant water depth upto 100cm.
Badh (Flood) Awrodhi
145-155
35-40
-
-
-
Blast
Brown
spot
Survives after merging in water for few days. Suitble
for flood effected areas.
Untitled Document
North East Plains
(Gonda, Behraich, Basti, Davariya, Gorakhpur,
Sidharth Nagar, Mahjraj gunj, Kushinagar, Balrampur, Shrawanti, Santkabeer
Nagar)
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt.
per
ha)
Type
of
Paddy
Type
of
Rice
Rice (%)
Resis
tance
to
Dise
ases
Variety Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-
42
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Not effected by light suitable for
alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-
45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
& Blast
-
Ratna
120-125
40-
45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Narender-97
85-
90
45-
50
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for unirrigated upland
Panth-12
115-122
50-
60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown
spot
Medium resistant to plant hopper
IR-50
105-110
45-
50
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
-
Jaya
130-125
50-
60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast
& Stem
Rot
Affected by temperature suitable
for direct sowing alkaline soil.
PanthDhan-4
125-130
55-
60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-
60
Long
Medi
um
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Sita
130-135
45-
50
Medium
White medi
um
70
-
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-
60
Long thin
White thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Cross-116
150
35-
40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow water area
Type-9
150
30-
35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
-
Scented Stem Borer Resistent
Type-100
150
35-
45
Thick yellowish tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for 30 to 45cm. Water depth
Type-3
125-140
35-
45
Thin long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Mahsuri
140-150
30-
40
Medium
White med
ium
70
-
Can grow in 30-40 cm deep water
Basmati-370
135
22-
25
Long thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-
40
Thin long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-
50
Thin long
Thin white
67
-
Scented, Succeptable to blight &
blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-
60
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
Narender Usardan-2
125-130
-
Long round
Medi
um White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate
tolerent to Stemrot & Strip leaf
Suitable for irrigated Alkaline
soil
CSR-10
115-120
-
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable & good for Alkaline
soil
Jal lahri
145
40-
50
-
-
-
-
-
Chakiya-59
145-150
30-
40
Small thin
Thick white
67
-
Suitable for Stagnant water dept
upto 120cm.
Jalmagna
150-200
35-
40
Small thick
Thick White
67
-
Suitable for deep water more than
120cm.
Madhukar
145-150
30-
40
Small thick
Thick White
65
-
Suitable for flood effected areas.
Jalnidhi
170-200
35-
40
Medium Healthy light
Med
ium
Red
dish
65-70
Resistent
Long plant grows with the water
level like lotus plant.
Jalpriya
150-160
30-
35
Long healthy
Long white
75
Partially Resistent
Suitable for stagnant water depth
upto 100cm.
Badh (Flood) Awrodhi
145-155
35-
40
-
-
-
Blast Brown spot
Survives after merging in water
for few days. Suitble for flood affected areas.
Untitled Document
South West Semidry Zone
(All district of Agra region)
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt/Ha)
Type of Paddy
Type of Rice
Rice (%)
Resistance to Diseases
Varietal Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Not affected by light suitable for
alkaline soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight & Blast
-
Ratna
120-125
40-45
Thin long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Narender-80
110-120
50-60
Thin long
Thin white
65-70
Blast
Irrigated
Manhar
119-122
48-50
Thin long
Thin white
70
Medium Resistent for Bacterial Blight
-
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown spot
Medium resistent to plant hopper
IR-50
105-110
45-50
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Succeptable Blast
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem Rot
Affected by temperature suitable
for direct sowing alkaline soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin long
Thin White
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
Medium
70
Bacterial Blight
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long thin
White thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Cross116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow water area
Type -9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
Scented Stem borer Resistent
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yellowish tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable for 30 to 45cm. Water depth
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Basmati
-370
135
22-25
Long thin
Thin white
68
-
Suitable for Whole U.P.
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin long
Thin white
67
-
Scented succeptable to blight &
blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
Suitable for Alkaline soil
Narender
Usardan-2
125-130
Long round
Medium White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate
tolerent to Stemrot & Strip leaf
Suitable for irrigated Alkaline
soil
CSR-10
115-120
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable & good for Alkaline
soil
Untitled Document
Western Plains
(Ganga Jamuna belt, Saharaupin Muzzafer Nagar
Merut, Gajiabad, Buland shahar, Haridwar, Bagpath, Gautum Budh Nagar)
Variety
Duration (Days)
Yield (Qt/Ha)
Type of Paddy
Type of Rice
Rice (%)
Resistance to Diseases
Varietal Character
Saket-4
110-115
40-42
Thin long
Thin white
70
-
Not
effected by
light
suitable
for
alkaline
soils
Govind
105-110
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight & Blast
Narender - 118
85-90
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
-
Suitable
for unirrigated upland cultivation
Nar ender-80
110-120
50-60
Thin
long
Thin white
65-70
Blast
Irrigated
Ratna
120-125
40-45
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Bacterial Blight
-
Manhar
119-122
48-50
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Medium Resistent for Bacterial Blight
-
Panth-12
115-122
50-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Bacterial Blight Brown spot
Medium resistant
to
plant
hopper
Panth-10
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin white
70
Blast mod erately for Blight
Suitable
for Trans
planting
Jaya
130-125
50-60
Thick
Thick
70-71
Blast & Stem Rot
Affected
by
temperature suitable
for
direct
sowing alkaline
soil.
Panth-4
125-130
55-60
Thin
long
Thin White
70
Moderate tolerent to Bacterial Blight
-
Sarju-52
130-135
50-60
Long
med
70
Bacterial Blight
-
PNR-381
125-140
50-60
Long
thin
White thin
60
Diseases Resistant
-
Cross-116
150
35-40
Long brown
Thick white
70
Bacterial Blight
Shallow
water
area
Type-9
150
30-35
Thin orange tip
Thin white
70
-
Scented
Stem
borer Resistent
Type-100
150
35-45
Thick yellow
tip
Thin white
70
-
Suitable
for
30to45cm. Water depth
Type-3
125-140
35-45
Thin
long
Thin white
66
-
Dwarf Scented
Pusa Basmati
135-140
30-40
Thin
long
Thin white
68
-
Scented
Haryana Basmati-1
140
45-50
Long
thin
Thin white
65
Green hopper tolerent
Scented
Kasturi
115-125
45-50
Thin
long
Thin white
67
-
Scented
Sucetable
to
blight
& blast
Usardhan-1
140-145
50-60
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable
for
Alkaline
soil
Narender Usardan-2
125-130
-
Long round
Med White
50-62
Brown spot & Blight Moderate tolerent
to Stemrot & Strip leaf
Suitable
for
irrigated Alkaline
soil
CSR-10
115-120
-
Small thick
Small white
-
-
Suitable
&
good
for
Alkaline
soil
Mahasuri
140-150
-
Med
White med
70
-
Can
grow
in
30-40cm. deep
water
Type-23 (T-23)
140-150
30-35
Long
thin
Light white
70
-
Scented
Untitled Document
Fertilizer Requirement for differnet
varieties grown in Uttar Pradesh
Type
N
P
K
Application
I. Irrigated - Transplanted
A. High yielding varieties
a. Short duration varieties
100
50
50
Half nitrogen + full Phosphrous and Potash apply as basal dressing
Balance nitrogen in two equal parts
Broadcast first at tillering and 2nd at Penical Iniciation
b. Medium duration varieties
120
60
30
c. Scented varieties (Dwarf)
90-120
60
60
d. Hybrid varieties
150
75
60
Half nitrogen and full Phosphorous and Potash is for basal dressing
Balance nitrogen in two split doses.
First at tillering and 2nd at booting stage.
If required use Zinc 25 kg/ha.
B. Local varieties
60
30
30
Same as high yielding varieties
Direct sowing
a. High yielding varieties
100-120
50-60
50-60
¼ nitrogen + full Phosphorous and Potash as basal dressing.
Balance nitrogen 2/4 at tillering and ¼ at Penical initiation
stage.
b. Local varieties
60
40
30
II. unirrigated
60
40
30
Full quantity as basal below the seed at sowing.
Note :
In areas where always Paddy and Wheat are sown in Kharif and Rabi seasons
apply either 10-12 tons FYM in paddy crop or sow green mannuring crop
in between two crops.
In zaid season by growing moong we can save 15kg Nitrogen
for Paddy crop.
In Alkaline soil it is beneficial to sow Daincha as green
mannure crop
Also apply 2qt/ha gypsum as basal dressing which will
full fill the iron and sulphur requirement of paddy crop.
For Sulphur deficiency apply single super phosphate with
potash which should be used as basal dressing but in light loam soil
it should be applied with urea as top dressing.
Therefore in this type of soil at transplanting we must
use half quantity of Potash and balance half should be applied in two
split doses as top dressing with nitrogen.
In fields water logging and poor drainage its better
to apply whole quantity of fertilizer at sowing or transplanting.
If its not possible then in such areas spray 2-3% urea
solution twice first at tillering stage and second at panicle initiation
stage, water should be drainedout before topdressing of urea.
If it is not possible then urea should be mixed with
double the amount of soil and ¼ amount of cowdung mannure and kept for
24hrs and then it should be applied.
By this urea gets converted to ammonium carbonate and
doesn’t get leached.
About Rice
Morphology and Growth
Rice Management
Nutrient Management
Weed Management
Disease Management
Insect Management
Harvesting and Storage