ɮi E ʴʦz |Eɮ E Eʹ ij x ʮi Gi
E ɱi{nx iExE V +vE ={V ɱ Viɪ
E ʴEɺ Ex B +{xx, EViɪ, xɪ Eʹ
ɪx E |ɪM + Px Eʹ {qiɪ E +{xx*
ʮi Gi E uɮ 200 ʨʱɪx ]x Jqz, 25 ʨʱɪx
]x iɱɽx + 15 ʨʱɪx ]x E =i{nx |iɴɹ
ɨɴ E* Ex {U Sɮ nE , =i{nx
E < ɮ gi gi VxɺJ E Eɮh gi
M E ɨɺ E xɮEh x E*
gi VxɺJ E l-l, {U n nE ɱ
=i{nx E< iɮ E nɴ uɮ, ʴɶiɪ& Vɽ
Px ɺx {qiɪ +{xɪ Mɪ |ɦʴi + * J
ɱ {ɮ < nɴ E l {ɮVʴɪ E gi VxɺJ
+lǴɴɺl Sɮɮ Mɪ Vɺ Eɮh Vxɪ xx
ɱ + =xE Gxx Ex ɱ nx nʴv
*
{U bg nE ɨɪ-ɨɪ {ɮ Bʡb, ɡn CJ,
ɱ ɨ, UnE, bʱɪ], EEb, E]ɨ,
nE +n E uɮ n E ʴʦz M ɱ E
v xEx <xE M E ɽE E { ɮ
Ii E ɨx Ex {c Vɺx Eʹ E E ɦnɪE
B +κlɮ ɴɺɪ x n *
<x E] EU E] E ɴɺʪE xɪjh
ɪx E |i |iɮvE Iɨi E ʴEɺ E x
ɽ ɨɺ + V] Mɪ * E] E E< E
|iɮvE Iɨi g Mɪ iǨx ɽ nJ
Mɪ E 500 +vE E] E E E BE +vE
E]xɶE E |i |iɮvE Iɨi Ji * <
|Eɮ Mh V n + ʴɹh nxɶE
xɶE +ɮv Mɪ * EU Exɶ V {ɽ
Jɮ{iɴɮ xɹ] E ni l + +ɮnɮ xɽ *
ʴɶY ii E J ɱ V Sɴɱ E{ɺ,
Mɡ, Mz, Vɮ, ]], ʨS, +ɨ, +Mڮ +n
{ɮVʴɪ uɮ MɦM 22 |iɶi x i *
<ʱɪ ɽ +ɴɶE Mɪ E={ɪH iExE
uɮ ɱ E ʴʦz {ɮVʴɪ ֮Ii EE +Mɮ
< x E {hiɪ& ɨ{i x E V E i
E E E n Vɪ*
+VE Eʹ ɱ ֮I E ʨE + Mɪ
+ |iɮv E E E xɪjh BE Sxi
ɮ Eɪ * ɱ |ɤvx E ɮ G+ E E<
ɽi xɽ M +Mɮ ɱ E {ɮVʴɪ E uɮ E
Mɪ x x Sɪ Mɪ* ɱ ֮I x x ={V
+ivE E VɪM* ɱ =Mx E Mɪ ɮ
xi ɱ ֮I E +x{κli l VɪM +
=i{nE E +lE x M* <ʱɪ Eʹ ʴʦz
{ɮVʴɪ ɱ E ֮I +ii +ɴɶE *
ɽ ɴʴni iil E Sɮ iɮ E] E
=h E]v iɴɮh + +vE c ɨɺ * ɽ
E] E 1.5 ʨʱɪx E EU +{x iV Mhx
E Eɮh +ivE {< Vi + ɱ E v
{ɮI { x {ɽS E MƦҮ ɨɺ x M<
*
ɮ n V ʴEɺɶұ n E] nɮ {ɮVʴɪ
{ɮ ɴ * CE ʴɹ ɪx E |i vE
Iɨi Ji , {x& {n Vi ʴɶiɪ&
n E Px Ji Ex ɱ Ij ɽ ɨɺ +vE
* {b{], ʱɪlɺ, ɡn CJ
+ Bʡb V E] uɮ <ix
+vE x {ɽS< V E EE uɮ E]xɶE
E +ivE |ɪM uɮ iɴɮh nʹi *
ɽ ɽ {qi Vɺɨ E] M + Jɮ{iɴɮ
+n E =ڱx xɪjh E Sɴ B =xE |ɤv E
i E Vi *
<ɨ iɴɮh E vx JE, + {ɮVʴɪ
E J E ɦ ={ɪH iExE B ʴvɪ E BE
ʨʸi { |ɪM EE = iɮiE E xS J Vi
V E iɮ E +lE x x {ɽS E*
(B.B. 1972) < {qi ɱ B E] nx
E Eʹ {ɪǴɮh E M x Vi |EiE VʴE
EɮE E |ɪM {ɮVҴ J E ʨi Jx E
ʱɪ E Vi , ɪxE E]xɶE E |ɪM <
{qi +iɨ ={ɪ x Vi *
<E I ɱ E x E = iɮ iE E Ex
V ɽx M + <E ʱɪ V xɪjh
E ={ɪ |ɪM E Vɪ =xE ڱ +lE B {ɪǴɮh
E oι] +vE x * Ex ɽ {qi ɪx E |ɪM
E xEɮi xɽ {ɮ <E +ɴɶEi +xֺɮ +Eɨn
lɪɮ E { |ɪM {ɮ ɱ ni *
BEEi {ɮVҴ |ɤv E lɪ EʹʴEɺ
lx
lɪ Eʹ IPM E lx ʴɶ + ƺvx V]x
ɱ xɨx iɮ *
lxҪ ʨ E ɱ E Sx V E E nɴ
ɽ Ei *
Vix ɨɴ {ɪǴɮh iֱx xɪ Jx*
n {֮x ʴvɪ E xɪ iExE E l ɨɪVi
Ex*
ɮʮE Vn E Eʹ jE + ɪx ={ɪ
E l ɨɪVx Ex*
Eʹ {ɪǴɮh E {x& |ɪM |ɴi (>S lxxiɮh)
E ɨZx E ʱɪ xɴ ƺvx E ʴEɺ Ex*
<ɨ E< ={ɪ E ʨɸh |ɦɴɶұ {ɮVҴ |ɤv
E ʱɪ , ʤx {ɪǴɮh E nʹi E, ɺl E
x E Ji Ex *
<E ix J +ɺlɪ Vx Sɴ, xɮIh
+ vɺli Ei + Vɺ E Eɮh ɽ {ɮVҴ
xɪjh Vx E BE Vʴi ƺvx x Vi *
Sɴ
ƺEiE +ɺ V
Mɨ + xɺx {ڴ E Vi<-n
E] E =VMɮ Ex E ʱɪ*
ɨɪ-ɨɪ {ɮ xE< EE-<x Jɮ{iɴɮ {ɮ
E< E] B Mh i *
ɱ SG E |ɪM EE-<E Miɮ {n
BE V E] Sɴ i *
BE ɱ E n {H E S nɮ E< ɱ
=M E ʨʸi ɱ =ME (E{ɺ E S Mɡ
Mx |EiE j+ E ʴEɺ i il ɦ
+vE i E{ɺ ʦhb Bʮ+ɺ E ʱɪ |{S
ɱ E Eɨ Ei * +hb E{ɺ ʨS {b{ E ʱɪ IE ɱ E Eɨ Ei ʨS Mn
ʱɪlɺ E ʱɪ IE ɱ E
iɮ Eɨ Ei *
+< {]M E ɨɪ E n E* E] E
={ɪH ɨ κli xɽ ʨɱi*
˺S< B ɺɪxE Jn ʴɶiɪ& x<]Vx
E ɽ ɨɪ |ɪM EE*
+ɮv ɱ E |ɪM uɮ*
E] B M H V ɨO |ɪM EE*
Ji E ɴSU J E*
V E E]xɶE ={Sʮi EE*
Vɽ ɨɴ Vx iExE
ɮEɮ ƺl+ |ɪM EE ɨʪE xɪjh uɮ
xɮIh
{ɮVʴɪ E VҴx ɨxv VxEʮ E x] Ex*
ʴɶ ={Gɨ ɨɺ {n Ex ɱ E] E {ʮκliE
ɨZx*
{ɮVҴ B ʨj E] E {ɽSxx, x E Ih
E =Si Eɮh {ɽSxx*
E] E J ɴIh B xɮIh iExE uɮ Yi
Ex*
+lE Ii iɮ Yi EE <E |ɪM Ex* ɽ
EE E ii E xɪjh E xhǪ E ʱɪ Vɪ
+Mɮ Sɴ ={ɪ {ɪ{i xɽ *
{ɮVʴɪ E ɨɴx b E ʴEɺ Ex*
vɺli
Vɤ {ɮVʴɪ E J +lE Ii iɮ +vE
Vi iɤ xɪjh vɺli +ɴɶE Vi * <
n IPM {ɪǴɮh |nh E ʴʦz xɪjh ʴvɪ
uɮ E E |ɦʴi Ex E Eʶɹ Ei *
{ɮVʴɪ E ɨɺ E x, ɱ{x +
|Eɶ ]{ uɮ ɨɪ {ɽ iɪ*
{ɮVʴ |ɤv E ƺEiE Vxɪ, xE< Mc<
uɮ, E{ɺ E E] ɨ E ʱɪ {v E +ɶ BEj
EE xɹ] E* Ji E J B Mұ EE vx E
BPH. vx E b` E =JcE ֺ{i +ɺl {b
ix UnE E ɮ E xɹ] Ex E ʱɪ*
jE + iE Vxɪ-V |Eɶ |{S E
|ɪM, (vx E ix UnE) Ji E Ec ESc Vɱx
V (Mɡ E ɱ ɱ ɱ b +hb E ɨڽ
B ɪɺE ɮ E BEj EE xɹ] Ex + J<
E Jn< ɱ{x |{S E |ɪM (ɡn CJ), vx
(x) |{S E |ɪM ɱ ɨ, vx E ix UnE
E +hb Ji Vx Ex E ʱɪ xɺǮ {v
{< E ʱɪ Vi ɨɪ {v E ʺɮ E E]
nx* E{ɺ E ɱ ʱɪlɺ E
+hb E xɹ] Ex E ʱɪ {v E ={ɮ M E U]x*
Mh+ Gʨi {v E =JcE Vɱ nx*
VʴE xɪjh Sx VʴE +ʦEi+ E ɨɪ
{ɮ UcE <Gɪɱ E]xɶE V I ʴɶ
{ɮ +vʮi E ʤx |EiE iֱx ʤMc {ɮVʴɪ
E Gh E Ex E ʱɪ |ɪM Ex Sʽ* |EiE
{ {n x ɱ {ɮI, {ɮVʴɪ B I
VҴ E |ɪM xEɮE
{ɮVʴɪ E J E E Ex E ʱɪ Ex*
ɽ BEEi {ɮVʴ|ɤv E ɤɺ ֮Ii ={ɪ Vɽ
ɦnɪE E] E J xEɮE E] E +{I +vE
ɽ ɺɪxE xɪjh E ]ɱ V Ei *
=nɽh
b b ] E E< Sںx ɱ E] {ɮ
|ɪM* E ɱɴɨ E +hb
{ɮ ]<EOɨ* Ex E xʮɱ E xҡx] {ɮ*
ʨ]] {n x ɱ E] {ɮ ]bEb E
E |ɪM* {b{] B ʱɪlɺ +n {ɮ ɺɱɺ
mMxx + Bx.{.ʴ E
|ɪM*
ɪxE xɪjh
ɱE BEEi {ɮVҴ |ɤv {U EU nE
Eɡ Mɪ {ɮ E]xɶE E |ɪM Eʹ +
Eɪ Ex +VE VʴE xɪjh + ɮhiE
E] xɶE V ɦnɪE E] E xɽ xɹ] Ei
E |lʨEi n Vi *
BEEi {ɮVҴ |ɤv ɪx E |ɪM {ɪǴɮh
E ֮I B <E Jx M {v S +ɶ
E vx JE E Vx Sʽ* ɪxE xɪjh
E |ɪM +ɴɶEi +xֺɮ +lE Ii iɮ {ɮ +vʮi
x Sʽ*
BEEi {ɮVҴ |ɤv E Vx iɮ Ei
ɨɪ vx Jx M EɮE
BEEi {ɮVҴ |ɤv Vx E ʴEɺ Ei ɨɪ
E< i֮xi ={ɱɤv EɮE E Sɪx Ex i *
V Ji |ɪM Ex M B +lE oι] ={ɪH
* lx ʴɶ E ɺx ʴvɪ E vx JE
P EɪEi+ E ɨɪ-ɨɪ {ɮ ={ɪH iExE E
ʴEɺ Ex Sʽ*
P uɮ |{i ɦ |n xɪ JV B {ʮhɨ E
VxEɮ B ={ɪM ʴv E Vx EE E |ɺɮ EɪEi+
uɮ Eɪ Vx Sʽ* EE E |ʶIh E=]M,
E] E Gh E {ɽSxx B +x ɱ +lE Ii
iɮ E Yx, ={ɪH E]xɶE E U]x, ={ɪH j
E |ɪM + ɽ ɱ Ij {ɮ <E |ɪM iE
E] <E |i vE Iɨi E ʴEɺ x E E*
EE E |ʶIh xɮiɮ x BEEi {ɮVʴ |ɤv
E ɡi E ʱɪ +i +ɴɶE * EE E iɮ {ɮ
< ɡ xx E ʱɪ E]xɶE =qM E <
ɽM +ɴɶE * E]xɶE =qM E +{x +lE
Iɨi E |ɪM |EiE ֮I E ʴɯq xɽ Ex
Sʽ*
ɱ ֮I ɪx E E |ɪM E
Vɤ ɪɺE E] E Miʴvɪ g + VɺE
{ʮhɨ ɰ{ +Eɪ {ɮVʴɪ E J ɱ {ɮ
g * ɽ vx, |Eɶ B S{S{ |{S ni
*
Vɤ ұb E=]M ɴh Ji E ʴɶ E]
E |ɦɴ +ɺl nJi *
Vɤ VʴE +ʦEi Ij = iɮ iE x V {ɮVʴɪ
E J E |ɦʴi E E*
Vɤ ɪx E |ɪM E Eɮh ɪx E |i vE
Iɨi |ɪME { x nJ< n*
Vɤ E]xɶE E +ɶ ɨɺ x x*
Vɤ VʴE +ʦEi + nɮ iɴɮhҪ +ɮv
E EɮE E |ɦɴɶұ *
ɱ E +ɱEx E E
ɱ E +ɱEx {ɮVʴ E +lE Ii iɮ + |EiE
ij E iɮ V {ɮVʴɪ E J E Pxi E
E Ex Iɨ E nJx E ʱɪ E Vi
* <ʱɪ {ɮVʴ + ʨj E] E {ɽSxx E
xɪjh ʴv E |ɪM Ex {ڴ +i +ɴɶE
*
+ɱEx j V vx, |Eɶ + S{S{ |{S
E ɡi {ڴE |ɪM E V Ei * Ji E E=]M
κlɮ Ij ɴIh ˴M ɴIh uɮ ɱ E +ɱEx
ɨɪ-ɨɪ {ɮ ɽ Vxx E ʱɪ E {ɮVʴɪ E J
+lE Ii iɮ iE {ɽS xɽ, Ei x Sʽ*
Ex =i{n BEEi {ɮVʴ |ɤv Vx
E M *
ʴʦz +ɱEx j V-vx, |Eɶ + Mx
S{S{ |{S*
{ɽSx E ʱɪ - ֮Ii Vɨ EE J Mɪ {ɮVʴɪ,
ʨj E] B Gʨi {v E M V {ɮVʴɪ,
ʨj E] B x E Ih E {ɽSxx ɽɪE
i *
Sb E `x E +bb*
V ={Sɮ ɪx B ɶx*
+ɮv Viɪ E V iɴɮh E nʹi x Ex
ɱ E]xɶE V xҨ E =i{n + VʴE n
xɶE (]bEb E)|EiE j V ]
xɩ B I ʴɶ {ɮ +vʮi E]xɶE*
Sɮ E iɮ
+SU ɱ ֮I j
ɨ E j E ɮ-ɮ |ɪM V {ɪǴɮh E
x ʤMbi I E |{i E E BEEi {ɮVҴ
|ɤv Vx ɨʱi Ex Sʽ*
