Groundnut

Crop Establishment

Seed Rate, Time Of Sowing And Spacing Intercropping Crop Rotation Groundnut Growing Zones Of India

Seed Rate

  • The same varieties, in irrigated conditions require 140-150 kg/ha. JL -24, Kadiri -4 like bunch varieties requires 140-150 kg/ha in Kharif, in Rabi in irrigated conditions requires 190-200 kg/ha.
  • In rabi, in irrigated conditions requires 140-150 kg/ha.
  • Generally spreading bunch varieties requires 90-100 kg/ha in Kharif, in rainfed situation.

Variety
Sowing time
Seedrate
Sowing Distance
   
Kg/ha.
Row to Row (cm)
Plant to Plant (cm)
T-64
June 15 to July
90-95
30
15
T-28
"
70-75
45
20
Chandra
"
70-75
45
20
M-13
"
70-75
45
20
Amber
"
70-75
45
20
Chitra(ma 10)
"
65-70
40
15
Kaushal (g-201)
"
65-100
30
10
Prakash
"
90-95
30
15

Seed Treatment

  • Treat the seed with Mancozeb or Thiram 3 gm/kg of the seed. Chlorpyriphos @ 250 ml / 45 kg of seed to prevent the seed damage from soil insects at initial stages.

Sowing

  • In optimum condition of moisture in the soil, sow the seed with Gorru or country plough, not more than 5 cm depth.

Sowing distance

  • In rainfed condition, for the bunch varieties 30 x 10 cm

  • For the spreading varieties 30 x 15 cm

  • In Rabi, in irrigated conditions, for the bunch varieties 25 x 10 cm

  • For the spreading varieties 30 x 10 cm

Optimum sowing time of groundnut in different states

State
Sowing time
Andhra Pradesh
  • Telangana and Coastal Region
  • Rayaaseema Region
  • First fortnight of June
  • Middle of June to first week of July Rabi crop is sown in rice fallows and under wells from November to January in the entire state.
Bihar
  • Last week of June
Gujarat
  • 15 June to 1 July
Haryana
  • Between last week of june and first week of july
Karnataka
  • Bunch varieties in first week of June and spreading varieties from last week of june to end of july
  • Rabi crop from last week of December to end of january
Maharashtra
  • Last week of June to first week of july
Punjab
  • 20 June to 10 July
Rajasthan
  • From last week of june to mid-july
Tamil Nadu
  • In Coimbatore District-in april and in rest of the state during first fortnight of july Rabi crop in first week of january.
Uttar pradesh
  • Second week of June to first week of july.

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Intercropping

  • The groundnut may be cultivated as intercrop with scrops such as maize, bajra, jowar etc., sesame, sunflower, greengram, black gram, red gram, cotton and castor.

The following intercropping systems are recommended for different states:

Sl.No
States
Suggested Intercropping
Ratio to base crop (Groundnut)

1

Andhra Pradesh

Groundnut + Bajra

Groundnut + Cowpea

Groundnut + Redgram

Groundnut + Castor

6 : 1

6 : 1

6 : 1 or 8 : 1 or 10 : 1

5 : 1 or 7 : 1

2

Gujarat

Groundnut + Sesame

Groundnut + Sunflower

Groundnut + Castor

1 : 1

1 : 1

1 : 1

3.

Karnataka

Groundnut + Redgram

Groundnut + Cotton

Groundnut + Sunflower

Groundnut + Sorghum/Ragi

4 : 1

3 : 1 or 5 : 1

4 : 2

6 : 1

4.

Maharashtra

Groundnut + Sorghum

Groundnut + Redgram

4 : 1 or 6 : 2

6 : 1 or 10 : 2

5.

 

Groundnut + Redgram

Groundnut + Soyabean

Groundnut + Sesame

8 : 2 or 10 : 2

4 : 1 or 6 : 1

4 : 1

6

Rajasthan

Groundnut + Bajra

Groundnut + Sesame

4 : 1

4 : 1

7.

Tamil Nadu

Groundnut + Black gram/Greengram

Groundnut + Cotton

Groundnut + Castor

Groundnut + Sesame

6 : 1

5 : 1

7 : 1

1 : 1


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Cropping System

Crop Rotation

  • The groundnut in general should be rotated with cereals like maize, wheat, bajra, jowar or minor millets.

  • It is found that groundnut does well after wheat, maize, jowar, bajra and tobacco. The crop sequences recommended for different states are as follows:

Sl. No
State
Rainfed (monocropping two years)
Residual moisture (Double cropping in one year)
Irrigated (Double or Triple cropping in one year)

1

Andhra Pradesh

Groundnut-Sorghum

Groundnut-Millet

Groundnut-Tobacco

Groundnut-Bengalgram

Groundnut-Safflower

Groundnut-Seasame

Groundnut-Maize

Groundnut-Wheat

Groundnut-Onion

2

Gujarat

Groundnut-Sesame

Groundnut Sorghum

(Fodder)

Groundnut-Mustard

Groundnut-Mustard-Greengram

Groundnut-Wheat-Greengram

Groundnut-Coriander.

3

Karnataka

Groundnut-Sorghum

Groundnut-Ragi

Groundnut-Safflower

Groundnut-Wheat

Groundnut-Maize

Groundnut-Sunf lower

4

Maharashtra

Groundnut-Sorghum

Groundnut-Safflower

Groundnut-Maize(fodder)

Rice-Potato-Groundnut

Groundnut-Rabi Sorghum

Groundnut-Safflower.

5

Madhya Pradesh

Groundnut-Sorghum

Groundnut-Safflower

Groundnut-Wheat/

Mustard.

6

Orissa

Groundnut-Sorg hum/bajra

Groundnut-Bengalgram

Groundnut-Sesame

Groundnut-Sorghum(fodder)

Groundnut-Mustard

Groundnut-Rice/Ragi

Groundnut-Coriander/Cumin.

7.

Punjab

Groundnut Sorghum/Bajra

Groundnut-Mustard

Groundnut-Taramirea

Groundnut-Wheat/Greengram.Groundnut-Mustard/Greengram.

8.

Rajasthan

Groundnut Bajra

Groundnut-Barley

Groundnut-Wheat/Greengram.

Groundnut-Wheat/

Mustard

9

Tamil Nadu

Groundnut-Sesame

Groundnut-Cotton

Groundnut-Sesame

Groundnut-Maize

10.

Uttar Pradesh

Groundnut-Sorghum/bajra

Groundnut-Mustard

Groundnut-wheat/

Mustard/

Barley.


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Groundnut Growing Zones of India

  • Owing to the vast agro-ecological situation in which Kharif groundnut is grown the entire area has been divided into six zones as follows:

Zone I (North Zone):

  • Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and Northern Rajasthan (Jaipur, Ajmer, Bharatpur, Sawi Madhopur and Tonk districts).

Zone II (Western Zone):

  • Gujarat, Southern Rajasthan (Chittorgarh, Udaipur and Jhalawar districts).

Zone III (Central Zone):

  • Madhya Pradesh (excluding Mandsour and Ratlam districts) and Maharashtra (excluding Satara, Sangli, So,apur, Kolhapur, Osmanabad and Nanded districts).

Zone IV (south-eastern zone):

  • Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh (excluding Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam, districts) and Southern Maharashtra (satara, Sangli, Solapur, Kolhapur, Osmanbad and Nanded districts).

Zone V (Peninsular zone):

  • Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, (excluding Srikakulam and Vishakapatnam districts) and Southern Maharastra (Satara, Sangli, Solapur, Kolhapur, Osmanabad and Nanded districts).

Zone VI (Southern zone):

  • Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

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Uttar Pradesh

Groundnut

Groundnut Management