Turmeric

Seed Varieties

Varieties Classification Based On Duration Common Cultivars Grown In Different States Of India Important Varieties Recommended For Andhra Pradesh Varieties Released by TNAU Improved Varieties

Varieties Classification Based On Duration

Varieties

In the genus Curcuma to which turmeric belongs, so far 30 varieties have been recognized.
Curcuma longa is the most important economically accounting for about 96% of the total area under turmeric the remaining 4% is under C. aromatica, which is mostly grown in small areas in East and west Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh and Thanjavur and South Arcot districts of Tamil Nadu.
Based on the duration of the crop, the varieties are categorised in to three groups
- Long duration types ( 9 months)- Tekurpet, Duggirala, Armur and Mydukuru
- Medium Duration types ( 8 months) - Kothapet, Krishna and Kesar
- Short duration types (7 months)- Amalapuram and Dindigram
Duggirala, Kodur type, Tekurpet, Mydukuru, Sugantham , Alleppey, Kasturi and Kesar are commercially popular in Andhra Pradesh.
Duggirala type is grown in Krishna and Guntur districts, it has larger rhizomes of good quality and is more suitable for heavy black soils
Tekurpet is grown in Cuddapah districts in red loamy soils and rhizomes have good colour and higher curing percentage.
Mydukuru type is also grown in heavy loams of Cuddapah districts and has a higher yield potential than Tekurpet but poorer in curcumin content
Armoor is popular type in Nizamabad
Kasturi and Kesari types are grown in Godavari Districts, which are high yielding and fairly good in curcumin content.
Among clonal selections, Cl.Nos.2A, 15B, 1C, 21A and 3D yielding 25-35 tonnes with a curcumin content of 9-14% are important. According to the latest CPCRI report, the highest amount of curcumin has been found in Edapalayam (10.9%) and oleoresin in Konni (19.2%).

Some of the important high yielding varieties of Turmeric

Suverna

It is a high-yielding turmeric selection (NRCS, Calicut). In an all-India survey conducted by the National Research Centre for Spices, Calicut, 184 accessions of turmeric were collected.
Of these high-yielding accession designated a PCT1 to PCT9 were selected in 1982 based on preliminary evaluation for 3 years.
These 9 accessions were evaluated for their yield performance in a multilocation trial (4 centres) for 5 years.
It was concluded that (I) there were significant differences in the mean yield of accessions, (ii) the selections PCT 2, PCT 5 and PCT8 were significantly superior, (iii) among these 3 selections, PCT 8 had the maximum yield potential (43 tones/ha) and high curcumin content (8.7%). This has been selected for release as Suverna.

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Some Common Cultivars Grown In Different States Of India

State	Variety	Characteristics
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana	Amruthapani	Medium duration crop (8 months) highly resistant to leaf-spot but susceptible to leaf-blotch.
	Armoor	Long duration crop (9 months), resistant to leaf-blotch: popular variety
	Duggirala	Long duration crop (9 months); tolerant to leaf-blotch; major regional variety.
	Tekurpeta	Long duration crop (9 months); resistant to leaf-blotch, popular variety.
West Bengal and Assam	Pattant	Reportedly better colour and aroma of varieties grown in region.
	Deshi	-
Kerela	Moovattupuzha	-
	Alleppey	High colour variety; generally marketed as Allepey turmeric
	Wynad	Marketed as Alleppey turmeric
Maharashtra	Rajapore	-
	Karhadi	-
	Waigon	Major regional variety
Tamil Nadu	Chinnanadan	Popular variety
	Perianadan	Major regional variety; generally marketed as Madras type.

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Important Varieties Recommended For Andhra Pradesh

Long duration varieties (9 months)

Mydukur

Duration 9 months. Rhizomes are long, plumpy. Yield of raw product is 25-30 t/ha. Major area of this variety is in Cuddapah district.

Tekurpet

Duration 9 months. Rhizomes are longwith good quality. Yield of raw product is 25-28 T/ha . Grown mostly in Cuddapah district.

C.L.L. 326

Evolves from Mydukur variety. Plant grow to a height of 60 cm. Rhizomes are long, hard, with light yellow colour and bright. Yield of raw produce is 25-37 t/ha.
After curing it gives 19.3% of dried product. This is tolerant to leaf spot disease.

C.L.L. 327

Similar to Mydukur variety. Evolved from variety Tekurpet. Yield of dried rhizomes is 21.8% to unprocessed produce. Tolerant to leaf spot.

Duggirala

Rhizomes are bright yellow in colour. Yield of raw produce is 25 t/ha. Grown mostly in Guntur district.

Armoor

Mostly grown in Nizamabad district. Yield of raw rhizomes is 25-30 t/ha.

Medium duration varieties (8 months)

C.L.A. 317

Rhizomes are stout. Yield of raw rhizomes is 25-35 t/ha. 19.6% of dried produce can be obtained.

Short duration varieties (7 months)

Kasturi

Grown mostly in East and West Godavari districts and agency tracts. Variety with good flavour yields 15-20 tons of raw material/ha.

Suguna (PCT-13)

More suitable variety for the regions where rhizome rot is severe. Duration is 190 days. Yield of raw material is 29 t/ha. There is chance of growing another crop after harvesting of this variety.

Sudharshana (PCT-14)

Duration is 190 days and have high tinge of yellow colour. Suitable for the regions where rhizome rot is prevalent. Yield about 28 t/ha of raw produce.

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Varieties Recommended/Released By Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Improved varieties

A number of varieties are recognized in the country and are known by the name of the locality where they are cultivated. Recently, a number of improved varieties have been released from different states.

Improved varieties in turmeric

Variety	Parentage	Yield (1/ha)	Duration (days)	Curcumin Content(%)	Special features
CO.1	X-ray induced mutant from Erode Local	5.85	285 (L)	3.2	Suitable for drought, saline soils rhizomes-big sized, bright orange, essential oil 3.2%.
BSR.1	X-ray induced mutant from Erode Local	6.00	285(L)	4.2	Suitable for waterlogged condition, bright yellow rhizomes, oil content 3.7%.
Suguna	A clonal selection from Assam type	7.20	190 (S)	4.9	Thick and plumpy rhizomes, oil content 6%.
Suvarna	A clonal selection from Singhat, Manipur	4.60	210 (M)	4.0	Rhizome medium in size, dark orange colour, oil content 7%.
Suharshana	A clonal selection from Singhat, Manipur	7.29	190 (S)	7.9	Thick and plumpy rhizomes, Oil content 7%.
Krishna	a clonal selection from Tekurpeta (A.P)	4.00	255 (M)	2.8	Long and plumpy rhizomes, oil content 2.0% moderately resistant to rhizome fly, leaf sopt diseases.
Sugundham	A clonal selection from Kerala type	4.00	210(M)	3.1	Reddish yellow rhizomes, stout and long fingers, essential oil: 2.7%
Roma	A clonal selection from Sunder	6.43	253(M)	9.3	4.2% oil, less susceptible to diseases.
Suroma	A clonal selection from T. Sunder	5.0	253 (M)	9.3	4.4% oil, round and plumpy mother rhizomes, reddish brown skin.
Rajendra Sonia	A selection from Bihar type	4.5	225 (M)	8.4	5.0% essential oil, stout and plumpy rhizomes, deep orange.
Ranga	A clonal selection from Rajpuri local	7.0	250 (M)	6.3	4.4% essential oil, bold and spindle shaped rhizomes, orange yellow colour.
Rasmi	A clonal selection from Rajapore local	7.8	240. (M)	6.4	Oil content 4.4% Mother rhizomes round shaped with plumpy primary fingers.

Note : S=Short duration, M=Medium duration, L=Long duration

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Andhra Pradesh

Turmeric

About Turmeric

History
Morphology

Turmeric Management

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