• Mango is the main fruit of Asia and this fruit has developed its own importance all over the world.
• Being an useful and delicious fruit, it was the part of culture and religion since long time.
• Besides its fine taste and good qualities, it is called as the king of fruits.
• Mango, Mangifera indica, is the natural fruit of India and since long, it is the choicest fruit in India and abroad.
• This fruit has been in cultivation in India sub-continent for well over 4000 years and has been the favourite of the kings and commoners because of its nutritive value, taste, attractive fragrance and health promoting qualities and now it is recognized as one of the best fruits in the world market.
• Historical and philological facts bear that M. indica has been introduced to the archipilogic regions of India from the mainland.
• The mango is said to have originated in the Indo-Burma region (Decandolle, 1903; Popenoe, 1920; Vavilov, 1949-50).
• On the basis of the presence of maximum number of allied species growing in Malaysia, some workers are lead to believe that Malaysian region is the original home of mango, as about 20 species are grown there.
• Mango is undoubtedly under cultivation for more than 4000 years in eastern India and Burma (Decandolle, 1904).
• The mango had been introduced into certain islands of Asiatic archipelago within the memory of living men.
• The name common in Philippines Mango shows a foreign origin.
• Vavilov (1926) supported that mango originated in Indo-Myanmar region.
• Hwen Sang, a Chinese traveller who visited India between 632-645 AD, was the first person to take mango to outside world.
• Early in fifteenth century, pish voyagers, Muslim missionaries and Portuguese carried mango to South East Asia and Philippines.
• In the beginning of sixteenth century, Portuguese introduced mango from Goa into South Africa and from Bombay to Egypt in 1825.
• Mango was introduced into western hemisphere when it was first planted in Brazil in 1700 and thereafter, it was introduced into West Indies around 1740 (Chandler, 1958).
• Hayes (1957) advocated that mango was being cultivated at the head of the Persian Gulf by sixteenth century.
• It was introduced in Philippines after 1600, in the Moluccas in 1865 and in the later part of eighteenth century (Burns and Prayag, 1921).
• It is also reported that the mango was being grown in England under glass house conditions as early as 1690 and trees at Kew were in fruiting during 1818.
• In Mexico, it was introduced before 1778 by the pish travellers from the Philippines.
• It was cultivated in Barbados in 1742 and in Jamaica in 1782.
• According to Pope (1929), it was introduced in Hawaii between 1800 and 1820.
• In 1809, it was carried from Mexico to Hawaii.
• Mango was first planted in Florida and California in 1861 and 1880, respectively.
• Later in 1889, USDA introduced grafted Mulgoba variety from India into Florida.
• This genus Mangifera belongs to family Anacardiaceae, originated in South-East Asia at an early date.
• According to Mukherjee (1958), the natural spread of the genus is limited to the Indo-Malaysian region, stretching from India to the Philippines and New Guinea in the east.
• There are 41 valid species of Mangifera which are distributed throughout the world.
• Mukherjee (1949) observed that this genus had its origin in the continental region of Burma, Thailand, Indo-China and Malaysia peninsula.
• The highest concentration of Mangifera species is reported to be in the Malay peninsula followed by Sunda Islands and the eastern peninsula.
• He further reported that occurrence of wild form of M. indica, allied species M. sylvatica and M. coloneura, fossil leaf impressions of M. pentandra and presence of numerous varieties in India indicates that M. indica had originated in Indo-Burma region (Mukerjee, 1958).
• A few other species M. foetida, M. caesia and M. odorata are confined to Malaysian region.
• The cultivar M. khasiana recorded earlier, is no longer traceable.

Distribution

• Presently, besides India, it is being cultivated in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, The Fiji Islands, Tropical Australia, Egypt, Israel, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, South Africa, Niger, Nigeria, Zaire, Madagascar, Mauritius, the USA (Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico), Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, Australia, West Indies Islands and Combodia.

Nomenclature of Mango

• Mango word comes from Malayalam, man-ka.
• In Kerala, people call mango tree as Ma or Mavu.
• The first mention of mango (Manga) appeared in English in 1582 AD in Lichefields translation of Castenheda s conq. E. Indies (1.XVI : 42).
• In India, the ripe and green fruits are referred as Amkeri (Hindi), Mangai (Tamil), Mamidi kayi (Telugu, Mavin kayi (Kannada), Kancha ambu (Oriya), Ambo (Marathi) Kachcha am (Bengali), Keri (Gujarat) and Pacha Manga (Malayalam) Am (Hindi), Pachila Ambo (Oriya), Amba pikleta (Marathi).
• Paka Aam (Bengali) and Amba (Kashmiri).
• Mango has its name in different languages of the country and abroad.
• The mango in Kannada language is called as Ma, Mam, Mavu, Amba, Mavina, Rasal, Suka and Simavu; in Khand Maha; in Kodagu Mange; in Konkani Ambo; in Malayalam Ma, Manga, Manna, Cutam Muchi, Amran; in Tamil Ma, Manti, Mate, Kokku, Madi Malai, Mamagam, Mandi and Magasmaram; in Sindhi Amb and Amu; in Urdu Amba; in Oriya Amba, Ambo, Boulo and Chulo; in Punjabi Am, Amb and Mawashi; in Marathi Amb and Amba; in Gujarati Ambo, Amri and Keri; in Bengali Aam and Ambra; in Hind Am and Amb; in Manupuri Hainoes; in Assamese Am, Ghariam; in Telugu Mavi, Mamidi; in Kui Maha; in Kurku Tatkha and Amba.

Area (ha), production (Mt) and productivity (MT/ha) of mango in major mango growing countries of the world during 2012-13.

Country	Area in Ha	Production in Mt	Yield in MT/Ha
World	4946.314	37124.74	7.51
Brazil	75.111	1188.91	15.83
China	465.337	4351.29	9.35
Bangladesh	170.8	1047.85	6.13
India	2312.30	15026.70	6.50
Indonesia	131.674	1287.29	9.78
Mexico	174.97	1632.65	9.33
Nigeria	114.9	790.20	6.88
Pakistan	173.7	1845.50	10.62
Philippines	189.437	825.68	4.36
Thailand	311.048	2550.60	8.20

Source: APEDA Agri Exchange

Districtwise Area, Production & Productivity of Mango in Andhra Pradesh 2012-13

District	Area in Hectares	Production in tonnes	Yield in Kg/ha
1	2	3	4
Srikakulam	9312	115045	13216
Vizianagaram	42071	100555	2788
Visakhapatnam	14058	127051	9964
East Godavari	17337	157496	9936
West Godavari	8801	157496	14608
Krishna	65509	436226	8004
Guntur	817	5422	7713
Prakasham	7079	46957	7713
Nellore	9769	74756	7904
Chittoor	69256	502212	8848
Cuddapah	23367	205333	10101
Ananthapur	7561	57601	9178
Kurnool	4038	30765	9178

Source: Season And Crop Report, Ap Govt (Erstwhile)