Rice

Economics

Cost Structure Of Kharif Paddy

Item Small Medium Large
Pooled
Variable Costs
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Human Labour
1509.09
21.42
1771.96
22.69
1868.00
22.54
1862.38
23.28
Machine Labour
887.30
12.59
980.81
12.56
1017.73
12.28
999.94
12.50
Bullock labour
202.89
2.88
83.97
1.08
78.15
0.94
92.66
1.16
Seed
245.00
3.48
246.43
3.16
258.73
3.12
265.72
3.32
Manures and Fertilizers
970.80
13.78
998.11
12.78
1027.18
12.39
998.69
12.48
Plant protection
104.32
1.48
172.47
2.21
175.79
2.13
188.94
2.36
Miscellaneous charges
25.00
0.35
38.84
0.49
63.38
0.76
54.88
0.69
Interest
on Working capital
96.57
1.37
99.81
1.27
128.72
1.55
111.26
1.39
Sub-Total (A)
4040.97
57.35
4392.40
56.24
4617.68
55.71
4574.47
57.18
Fixed Costs
Land Revenue
128.23
1.82
128.24
1.64
128.67
1.55
129.00
1.61
Depreciation
72.40
1.03
83.31
1.07
87.93
1.06
85.13
1.06
Interest on Fixed capital
55.45
0.79
66.18
0.85
74.55
0.90
68.48
0.86
Rent paid for leased in land
816.23
11.58
782.31
10.02
490.22
5.92
656.93
8.21
Rental value on owned land
1932.71
27.43
2357.04
30.18
2889.93
34.86
2486.66
31.08
Sub-total (B)
3005.02
42.65
3417.08
43.76
3671.30
44.29
3426.20
42.82
Cost of production (A+B)
7045.99
100.00
7809.48
100.00
8288.98
100.00
8000.67
100.00

Cost Structure Of Rabi Paddy

Item
Small
Medium
Large
Pooled
Variable Costs
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Rs/ha
% to total
Human Labour
1620.11
21.25
1831.85
21.52
1878.26
21.18
1776.74
20.91
Machine Labour
460.34
6.04
733.76
8.62
749.22
8.45
648.77
7.64
Bullock labour
253.22
3.32
45.27
0.53
18.21
0.21
112.23
1.32
Seed
268.19
3.52
274.37
3.22
282.55
3.18
276.83
3.26
Manures and Fertilizers
718.86
9.43
778.63
9.16
789.18
8.91
733.33
8.63
Plant protection
527.70
6.92
575.12
6.76
612.06
6.90
582.60
6.86
Miscellaneous charges
29.00
0.38
252.00
0.26
12.02
0.14
15.33
0.18
Interest on Working capital
73.77
0.97
54.03
0.63
43.51
0.49
42.81
0.50
Sub-Total
3951.19
51.83
4315.03
50.70
4385.01
49.46
4188.64
49.30
Fixed Costs
Land Revenue
143.26
1.88
150.62
1.76
152.20
1.71
151.67
1.79
Depreciation
27.02
0.35
44.10
0.52
45.08
0.51
42.49
0.50
Interest on Fixed capital
23.65
0.31
28.68
0.34
29.94
0.34
26.79
0.32
Rent paid for leased in land
320.63
4.21
142.42
1.67
82.18
0.93
168.15
1.98
Rental value on owned land
3157.34
41.42
3831.58
45.04
4170.72
47.05
3917.59
46.11
Sub-total
3671.90
48.17
4197.40
49.30
4480.12
50.54
4306.69
50.70
Cost of production (A+B)
7623.09
100.00
8512.43
100.00
8865.13
100.00
8495.33
100.00

Milling

  • Hand pounding was the main technique adopted for getting edible vice from paddy.
  • Huller mills started replacing hand-handling and presently paddy is milled in huller, disc-sheller and rubber-rolt-sheller mills.
  • The total number of mills in the country is estimated at 68,000 and expect about 5000 are of huller type.
  • The comparative installation costs and out terms of rice from three types of mills employed in India.

   
Huller mill
Disk sheller
Rubber roll sheller
Capacity  
( 1 tone/hr)
(1 tone/hr)
(2 tones/hr)
Installation cost  
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 65,000
Rs.1,80,000
Out turn of raw-milled rice Rice
63-65%
65-67%
67-70%
  Brokens
2%
2%
  Bran
35-37%
5%
5%
  Husk
22-27%
22-25%
Broken percentage in Rice  
30-40%
22-30%
10-15%

  • Byproducts of rice milling also need attention.
  • By- products are broken, bran, and husk .
  • Brokens are grades presently as small and big brokens and used for edible purpose.
  • There is good demand for well graded rice brokens.
  • Similarly, bran from sheller mills and particularly that obtained from boiled rice is in good demand for oil-extraction plants.
  • The bran oil may be made edible by stabilising the bran through heating.
  • Hull disposal is a problem in many rice mills.
  • Presently, there seems to be no alternative to using it as fuel.

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Andhra Pradesh

Rice

Morphology and Growth
Rice Management