Mustard

Crisis Management

Factors Affecting Quality of Mustard Oil

• The quality of mustard oil has been found to be very varied.
• The quality of mustard oil differs even from field to fiekd.
• One most be aware of the factors which control the qualitry of mustard oil to get a good rate for the oil.
• The factors affecting the quality of mustard oil are as follows:
  1. Genetic factors.
  2. Moisture content of seed.
  3. Effect of Nitrogen fertilization.
  4. Effect of phosphaate fertilization.
  5. Effect of potasium fertilization.
  6. Effect of secondary and micro nutrients.
  7. Weather conditions during grain filling stage.
  8. Presence of adulterants.
  9. Genetic Factors
• The oil content varies according to the genotype or the phenotype.
• The yellow or brown sarson contain 35-48 % oil
• Torrai contains 33-36% oil.
• Rai contains only 30-42% oil.
• Erucic acid, Oleic acid and Linoleic acid content varies from type to type.

Moisture content in the Seed

• Oil extracted from seeds with a higher moisture content has been found to be of poor quality.
• Oil with more moisture becomes rancid soon and has poor keeping quality.
• Oil percentage in seeds with higher moisture has found to be low.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization

• Nitrogen depresses oil content in the seed though the seed yield is increased.
• The protein and glucosinolate content in the rapeseed and mustard seed is increased with Nitrogen Fertilization.
• Late application of Nitrogen at the time of flowering increases the protein and glucosinolate content in the rapeseed and mustard seed.
• There is an increase of about 1 % of protein for every 50 kg/ha of Nitrogen.
• The extent of depression in oil content due to high Nitrogen fertilization is reported to vary from 0 to as high as 9% / 100 kg of applied Nitrogen.
• The increase in erucic acid content due to excess nitrogen fertilization is found to the extend of 5%.
• The Linolenic and Linoleic acid contents show a sharp fall.
• This increase in Erucic acid and decrease in Linolenic and Linoleic acid is highly harmful to the consumers.

Effect of Phosphate Fertilization

• Phosphorus increases the oil content in the seeds.
• Under extreme deficiency of phosphorus, the oil content is found to decrease from 33 to 23%.
• The influence of phosphorus on fatty acid composition is very low.
• A slight increase in Oleic acid content has been noticed due to phosphate application.
• Phosphate fertilization reduces the undesirable erucic acid content.
• The protein content is not affected by the phosphate fertilization.
• Under conditions of sulphur deficiency, it increased the free amino acid contents.
• Glucosinolate content is reduced very slightly.

Potasium Fertilization

• No change or response has been noticed in the crop yield or quality to applied potasium in soils that have a higher content of potasium.
• In soils with low or very low potasium status, increase in the oil content of the seed has been found statistically insignificant.
• The fatty acid composition too did not change with potasium application.
• There was no change in the protein content with potasium application.
• Potasium thus has a negligible effect on the quality of mustard.

Nutrients

• The following secondary and micro nutrients seem to have an effect on the yield and quality of mustard.
  1. Sulphur.
  2. Calcium.
  3. Boron.

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